Query below lists all table columns in a database.
Query
select schema_name(tab.schema_id) as schema_name,
    tab.name as table_name, 
    col.column_id,
    col.name as column_name, 
    t.name as data_type,    
    col.max_length,
    col.precision
from sys.tables as tab
    inner join sys.columns as col
        on tab.object_id = col.object_id
    left join sys.types as t
    on col.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
order by schema_name,
    table_name, 
    column_id;
Columns
- schema_name - schema name
- table_name - table name
- column_id - table column id, starting at 1 for each table
- column_name - name of column
- data_type - column data type
- max_length - data type max length
- precision - data type precision
Rows
- One row represents one table column
- Scope of rows: all columns in all tables in a database
- Ordered by schema, table name, column id
Sample results

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                                                             Piotr Kononow
                                                                        Piotr Kononow
                                 SQL Server
                                                                SQL Server
                                 Azure SQL Database
                                                                                                Azure SQL Database
                                             Oracle database
                                                                                                Oracle database
                                             Snowflake
                                                                                                Snowflake
                                             Amazon Redshift
                                                                                                Amazon Redshift
                                             IBM Db2
                                                                                                IBM Db2
                                             Vertica
                                                                                                Vertica
                                             PostgreSQL
                                                                                                PostgreSQL
                                             MySQL
                                                                                                MySQL