The query below returns all columns from all tables in the user databases (schemas) with a foreign key reference if the column has one.
Query
select concat(col.table_schema, '.', col.table_name) as 'table',
       col.ordinal_position as col_id,
       col.column_name as column_name,
       case when kcu.referenced_table_schema is null
            then null
            else '>-' end as rel,
       concat(kcu.referenced_table_schema, '.', kcu.referenced_table_name)
              as primary_table,
       kcu.referenced_column_name as pk_column_name,
       kcu.constraint_name as fk_constraint_name
from information_schema.columns col
join information_schema.tables tab
     on col.table_schema = tab.table_schema
     and col.table_name = tab.table_name
left join information_schema.key_column_usage kcu
     on col.table_schema = kcu.table_schema
     and col.table_name = kcu.table_name
     and col.column_name = kcu.column_name
     and kcu.referenced_table_schema is not null
where col.table_schema not in('information_schema','sys',
                              'mysql', 'performance_schema')
      and tab.table_type = 'BASE TABLE'
--    and fks.constraint_schema = 'database name'
order by col.table_schema,
         col.table_name,
         col.ordinal_position;
Note: if you need the information for a specific database (schema), then uncomment the table_schema condition and provide your database name.
Columns
- table - table name with database (schema) name
- col_id - column number in a table
- column_name - name of the column
- rel - relationship symbol ('>-') indicating the foreign key and its direction
- primary_table - referenced table
- pk_column_name - referenced column
- fk_constraint_name - foreign key constraint name
Rows
- One row: represents one column of every table in a database (schema)
- Scope of rows: all columns from all tables in a database (schema)
- Ordered by: table database (schema) and name, column id in a table
Sample results

 
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                 
                                                             
                                                             
                                                             
                                                             
                                                                 
                                                             
                                                             
                                                                 
                                                             
                                                             
                                                             
                                                             Bart Gawrych
                                                                        Bart Gawrych
                                 MariaDB
                                                                MariaDB
                                 SQL Server
                                                                                                SQL Server
                                             Azure SQL Database
                                                                                                Azure SQL Database
                                             IBM Db2
                                                                                                IBM Db2
                                             Teradata
                                                                                                Teradata
                                             Vertica
                                                                                                Vertica
                                             PostgreSQL
                                                                                                PostgreSQL
                                             MySQL
                                                                                                MySQL