This query shows all columns in database with corresponding them columns from referenced table if there is any.
Query
select col.table_schema || '.' || col.table_name as table,
       col.ordinal_position as pos,
       col.column_name,
       case when fks.constraint_id is not null
            then '>-' end as rel,
       fks.reference_table_schema || '.' || fks.reference_table_name
            as primary_table,
       fks.reference_column_name as primary_column,
       fks.constraint_name
from v_catalog.columns col
left join v_catalog.foreign_keys fks
          on col.table_schema = fks.table_schema
          and col.table_name = fks.table_name
          and col.column_name = fks.column_name
order by col.table_schema,
         col.table_name,
         col.ordinal_position;
Columns
- table - schema name and table name
- pos - column position within table
- column_name - name of the column
- rel - relationship symbol ('>-') indicating foreign key and direction
- primary_table - referenced table name preceded by schema name
- primary_column - column name corresponding to FK column
- constraint_name - foreign key constraint name
Rows
- One row represents one column
- Scope of rows: all columns a database
- Ordered by schema name of the table, column position within table
Sample results

 
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                                                 
                                                             
                                                             
                                                             
                                                             
                                                                 
                                                             
                                                             
                                                                 
                                                             
                                                             
                                                             
                                                             Bart Gawrych
                                                                        Bart Gawrych
                                 Vertica
                                                                Vertica
                                 SQL Server
                                                                                                SQL Server
                                             Azure SQL Database
                                                                                                Azure SQL Database
                                             IBM Db2
                                                                                                IBM Db2
                                             Teradata
                                                                                                Teradata
                                             PostgreSQL
                                                                                                PostgreSQL
                                             MySQL
                                                                                                MySQL
                                             MariaDB
                                                                                                MariaDB